China

China, officially known as the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.4 billion people. Located in East Asia, it shares borders with 14 countries, including India, Russia, and Vietnam. The capital city is Beijing, while Shanghai is the largest city and an important global financial center. China has a rich and ancient cultural history, known for major inventions such as paper, gunpowder, printing, and the compass. For centuries, it was ruled by powerful dynasties until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China. In 1949, after a long civil war, the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong founded the People’s Republic of China. Although it maintains a socialist political system, China has adopted market-driven economic policies that have spurred rapid industrial growth and modernization. Today, it is the world’s second-largest economy and a major player in global trade, technology, and geopolitics. China is also famous for its historical landmarks, including the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and the Terracotta Army. Despite its achievements, the country faces several challenges such as environmental pollution, an aging population, and rising geopolitical tensions.